Which type of cyberspace operations is designed to project power through force?

Offensive Cyberspace Operations (OCO) are specifically designed to project power through force in the cyberspace domain. These operations involve activities that disrupt, deny, degrade, or destroy adversary capabilities and can also include actions to influence the decisions or actions of an adversary. By leveraging cyber capabilities in a forceful manner, OCO can achieve strategic military objectives or protect national security interests. This type of operation is proactive and aims to take control of the operational environment, often engaging in offensive tactics against an adversary's networks or systems.

In contrast, Defensive Cyberspace Operations (DCO) focus on protecting and defending friendly networks from cyber threats and attacks, ensuring the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of critical data and systems. Cyber Electromagnetic Activities (CEMA) integrate cyberspace operations with electromagnetic operations, but their purpose is distinct from outright offensive capabilities; they emphasize the synergy between the two domains rather than projecting force. Department of Defense Information Network Operations (DODIN) aim to ensure the efficient and secure operation of Department of Defense networks, and while maintaining operational effectiveness, they do not include the projection of power in the same aggressive manner as OCO.