Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of non-state actors?

The reasoning behind identifying the second option as not a characteristic of non-state actors lies in the nature of these entities. While it is true that many non-state actors can adopt hostile stances toward certain governments or entities—such as terrorist groups seeking to undermine state structures or policies—not all non-state actors are inherently hostile.

Non-state actors encompass a wide range of organizations, including humanitarian groups, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), multinational corporations, and various community organizations. Many of these entities function with cooperative goals, seeking to foster dialogue, development, and peaceful resolutions in international relations.

This characteristic highlights the diversity within non-state actors; their motivations and approaches can vary significantly, with some aiming for collaboration rather than confrontation. Therefore, asserting that they are always hostile limits the understanding of the complex roles non-state actors play in global affairs.

Additionally, the other options correctly reflect characteristics of non-state actors: they can indeed be involved in terrorist activities, they have the capacity to influence international relations by advocating for various causes, and they typically operate independently of governmental control.