What distinguishes unlawful combatants from lawful combatants?

The distinction between unlawful combatants and lawful combatants primarily revolves around the adherence to recognized rules and norms defined by international law. Lawful combatants operate under uniforms and are part of an organized military force, which complies with the laws and customs of war, including the Geneva Conventions. This adherence grants them certain protections and rights under international law, such as the right to be treated as prisoners of war if captured.

On the other hand, unlawful combatants do not recognize these standards; they might engage in combat without being part of a regular military structure or fail to adhere to the principles of distinction and proportionality required in armed conflict. Therefore, the lack of adherence to uniformed military regulations clearly defines lawful combatants, distinguishing them from their unlawful counterparts. The other options address aspects that don't fundamentally define the legality of combatants' status in terms of international law.