To maintain effectiveness, professions create what two essential elements?

The correct answer focuses on the importance of establishing standards of performance and a code of ethics within a profession. Standards of performance are critical as they set measurable benchmarks by which individuals and organizations can assess their effectiveness and efficiency in achieving their goals. These standards ensure that professionals are equipped to meet the demands of their roles and provide consistent quality in their work.

The code of ethics serves as a guiding framework for professional behavior, establishing the moral principles and values that professionals are expected to uphold. This fosters trust and credibility within the profession and with the public. Together, these two elements create a foundation that not only promotes accountability and integrity but also enhances the overall reputation and effectiveness of the profession.

In contrast, other options may touch on aspects relevant to professional development but do not encapsulate the core mechanisms that sustain a profession's integrity and operational success as effectively as the combination of standards and ethics does. For example, training programs and mentorship opportunities are valuable for skill development but do not inherently guarantee adherence to performance metrics or ethical standards. Similarly, public relations, networking events, regulatory guidelines, and community service play roles in professional spheres, yet they do not fundamentally uphold the integrity and accountability that standards and ethics provide.